What kind of customs and gifts are there in the Dragon Boat Festival? Intersection

The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival

The on the fifth day of the fifth day of the lunar calendar, commonly known as "Dragon Boat Festival". The end is "beginning" and "first". The fifth day of the fifth day can be called Duan Five. The lunar calendar is the monthly month, the first month of the month, the February is 卯, and the second to May is noon. Named Duan Five, 5, Duanyang, Zhongtian, etc. From the perspective of historical records, the word "Dragon Boat Festival" was first seen in the "Turkey" of the Jin Dynasty: "Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, cooked horns." The Dragon Boat Festival is the traditional festival of the Han people of my country. The essential activity of this day has gradually evolved into: eating dumplings, dragon boats, hanging ravioli, moxa leaves, Xuncang, Bai Yan, drinking male rice wine. It is said that eating dumplings and dragon boats is to commemorate Qu Yuan, so after liberation, the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet Day" to commemorate Qu Yuan. As for hanging 菖 艾, Ai Ye, Kaishuke, Bai Yan, and drinking male rice wine, it is said to be to suppress evil. Although the Dragon Boat Festival has passed every year, the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is not clear, and it is summarized.

, commemorating Qu Yuan said. The earliest records were from the records of Wu Jun in the Southern Dynasties of the Southern Dynasties and the "Ji Ji Ji Ji Ji Ji" in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. It is said that Qu Yuan voted for the Luo River in the fifth day of May. After his death, he was trapped by the dragon. The world mourned. Every day, the five -color silk dumplings were cast in the water to drive the mosquito dragon. It was also rumored that after Qu Yuan voted for the Luo River, the local people immediately rowed the news to rescue the news. At that time, it happened that the boat on the lake was gathered next to the pavilion on the shore. When people learned that they were salvaging Dr. Qu, they fell the rain again and scrambled into the vast Dongting Lake. In order to pin their sorrows, people swung on the rivers and rivers, and then gradually developed into a dragon boat competition. 'It seems that the Dragon Boat Festival eats dumplings and dragon boats related to commemorating Qu Yuan. There is a poem "Dragon Boat Festival" in the Tang Dynasty: "Who said the Dragon Boat Festival? Naochen is wrong. "

two, Ying Tao God said. This is said to be from the Eastern Han Dynasty "Cao'e Stele". After Wu Guozhong, Wu Zizhen died in the Spring and Autumn Period, he turned to the god of the Tao, and the world worshiped it, so there was a Dragon Boat Festival.

three, dragon festival theory. This statement comes from Wen Yiduo's "Dragon Boat Festival" and "Historical Education in the Dragon Boat Festival". He believes that the fifth day of May was the day of the tribe of the "Dragon" of the ancient Wuyue area held a totem sacrifice. The main reason is that (1) The two main activities of the Dragon Boat Festival to eat dumplings and crossing are related to the dragon. The zongzi is often stolen by mosquito dragons in the water, while the competition uses a dragon boat. (2) The relationship between competition and ancient Wuyue is particularly deep. Moreover, the people of Wu Yue also have the custom of breaking the tattoo "like dragons". (3) The folk customs of "colorful silk arms" on the fifth day of May on May, this should be the relic of tattoo customs of "like dragons".

four, evil day. In the pre -Qin era, May is generally believed that May is a poisonous month, and five days are evil days. The chapter of "Midsummer" in "Lu's Spring and Autumn" stipulates that people will abstain from and fast in May. "Xia Xiaoyang" reports: "This day's medicine is used to remove poisoning gas." In "Dai Dai Li", "May 5th of the animal orchid is a bath" to drive away the legend that the five is the day of death. "Historical Records of the Biography of Meng Tajun" records the famous Meng Tajun in history, born on May 5. His father should not give birth to him, and believes that "the May child is longer than the households, and it will not help his parents." "Customs" essays, "Vulgar says that there are children on May 5th, male harm the father, and female harm." Wang Chong, the author of "On the Heng", also described: "Taboch the first month, May Child; the first month and Mayzi killing the father and mother, not to do it." Town evil ". Song Huizong Zhao Zhao's fifth birthday in May, he fosted outside the palace since he was a child. It can be seen that in the fifth day of May, it was a common phenomenon. It can be seen that since the pre -Qin Dynasty, this day is a day of bidnity. In this way, it is logical to insert 艾 艾 and Ai Ye to drive ghosts.

five, summer solstice. Liu Deqian, who held this view, put forward three main reasons in "Dragon Boat Festival" and "Traditional Chinese Festival Fun Talks": (1) The authoritative book "Jing Chu Shi Ji" in the age of authority and It was not mentioned that the festival customs to eat rice dumplings were not mentioned on the fifth day of May, but I wrote the rice dumplings in the summer solstice. As for the crosses, the "Jade Candle Book" made by Du Taiqing in the Sui Dynasty made it the entertainment activities of the summer solstice and day. (2) Some content in the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival, such as "stepping on Bai Cao", "Doubai Cao", and "Miscellaneous Medicine", etc., which actually has nothing to do with Qu Yuan. (3) The first explanation of the Dragon Boat Festival in the Dragon Boat Festival is: "The sun is Zhengyang, the Dragon Boat Festival is the summer in the summer, so the Dragon Boat Festival can be called the sky in the sky. The earliest origin is the summer solstice. It is exited, and the commemoration of Qu Yuan's theory is the most extensive. Because Qu Yuan's personality is superb, people are also willing to attribute this anniversary. Vulgar

The earliest appearance of the Dragon Boat Festival should belong to the "枭 羹" of the Western Han Dynasty. To give me a hundred officials. With evil birds, so eat it. "Because it is not easy to capture, the custom of eating crickets does not continue. The 锉 is the protagonist of the Dragon Boat Festival -the dumplings, which appeared in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Only to become the food of the Dragon Boat Festival. "Turkey": "May 5th, the same as the summer solstice, ... first two sections and a day, and the leaves are wrapped in rice leaves, mixed with millet Cooked. At the same time, there is another dietary diet, called "turtle", which is only a flash in the Jin Dynasty, and then disappeared. Only the dumplings called "Horn" in "Turkey", because it is attached to the legend of Qu Yuan, has become the most popular Dragon Boat Festival for thousands of years.

It's records recorded in "Turkey", the dumplings at that time were based on the raw materials, except for millet, and the remaining fillings were not added. However, under the hand -operated Chinese people who pay attention to diet, the dumplings I can see today, whether it is styling or content, has a variety of changes.

In terms of shape, the dumplings in various places include triangle, quadrilateral cone, pillow -shaped, small pagoda -shaped, round stick -shaped, etc. The material of the rice leaves varies from place to place. Because the south is rich in bamboo, the material is taken on the spot with bamboo leaves. Most people like to use fresh bamboo leaves, because the dumplings tied to dry bamboo leaves are familiar with the fragrance of no bamboo leaves. Northerners are used to tie dumplings with reed leaves. The reed leaves are slender and narrow, so it should be used in two or three pieces. The size of the rice dumplings is also very different. There are two or three pounds of giant pockets, as well as small and exquisite, less than two inches of sweet pupa.

It, in terms of taste, the rice dumplings have both meat and vegetables, sweet and salty. The northern rice dumplings are dominated by sweetness, and the rice dumplings in the south are sweet and less sweet. The content of the material is the part that can most highlight the local characteristics.

The dumplings in Peiping can be divided into about three types: one is a white rice dumplings made of glutinous rice, steamed to eat sugar. The other is the jujube dumplings. The stuffing heart is mainly jujube and fruity. The third is bean paste, which is relatively rare. There is another rice dumplings in North China with yellow glutinous rice, and the filling uses red dates. Steamed it, and I saw Huang Chengcheng's sticky jujube embedded.

The Huzhou dumplings in Zhejiang are soft and fragrant, divided into salty sweet species. Salted pork, soak the soy sauce. Each rice dumplings are stuffed with fat and lean meat. Sweet dumplings are stuffed with jujube mud or bean paste. Add a piece of lard oil on it. Steamed, lard blends into the bean paste, which is very smooth and palatable. The fillings have been selected by a special person. There are eight treasures, chicken rice dumplings, bean paste, and fresh meat rice dumplings, which have their own characteristics.

The pepper bean rice dumplings in Sichuan are also unique. First soak the glutinous rice and red beans for half a day, add peppercorns, peppercorns, Sichuan salt and a little bacon diced, and wrap them with four corners. Cook it for three hours on high heat. It tastes tender outside and is quite flavorful.

The Zhongshan Luxuan in Guangdong is characterized by round stick -shaped and thicker arms. The ingredients are also divided into two kinds of sweet and salty. Sweet ones are lotus, bean paste, chestnut, and jujube mud; salty ones include salted meat, roasted chicken, egg yolk, Ganbei, mushrooms, mung beans, barbecued pork, etc.

The dumplings of rice dumplings, meat dumplings and beans in southern Fujian. The alkali rice dumplings are steamed from the glutinous rice. Both the characteristics of sticky, soft, and slippery. Ice plus honey or syrup is particularly delicious. The ingredients of meat are braised meat, shiitake mushrooms, egg yolks, shrimp, dried bamboo shoots, etc. The meat dumplings in Xiamen are the most famous. The beans are prevailing in Quanzhou, mixed with a little salt with September beans and wrapped with glutinous rice. Steamed, bean fragrance, some people dipped in sugar to eat.

This Dragon Boat Festival

The dumplings in the Dragon Boat Festival, now people only know that this is to commemorate the great poet Qu Yuan. However, according to expert research, the rice dumplings are just folk food. At first, the rice dumplings were not fixed in the Dragon Boat Festival. In fact, the "Cold Food Festival" (the day before the Qingming) to commemorate the push of the Jinduzon push in the spring and autumn to eat dumplings, the origin was earlier than the Dragon Boat Festival. So far, many places still pass the folk customs with Qingming food a day before Qingming.

The dumplings of Duan Boat Festival as the first national custom in "Turkey" written in the Western Jin Dynasty: "Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, cooked corner." By the time of Tang and Song Essential food.

This diamond words

The spring and autumn period: wrapped rice (茭 white leaves) into a beef -shaped, called "angle"; Called "tube dumplings".

The end of the Eastern Han Dynasty: Plants and gray water are dipped in rice. Because of the alkali in the water, it is wrapped in the crickets into four corners.

The Jin Dynasty: The rice dumplings were officially designated as Dragon Boat Festival food. At this time, in addition to rice, the raw materials of Baozi also added Chinese medicine material puzzles. The cooked rice dumplings were called "puzzle".

Net and south dynasties: miscellaneous dumplings appear. There are more varieties, and the rice is mixed with beast meat, chestnuts, red dates, red beans, and the wrapped dumplings are also used as gifts.

The Tang Dynasty: The rice dumplings have been "white and jade" with rice. There is "Datang Dangzi" in Japanese literature.

The Song Dynasty: "Ai Xiangxuan" with "immersion of rice leaves" and "honey 饯 饯", see Su Dongpo's poem named "See Barberry in the Plum". At this time, the advertisements of the pile of rice dumplings were piled up into a pavilion, wooden truck cattle and horses, indicating that Song Dai was very fashionable to eat rice dumplings.

The Yuan Dynasty: The dumplings of the rice dumplings have changed from the leaf leaf to the leaf, which breaks through the seasonal limitations of the leaf.

The dumplings with reed leaves, and bean paste, pork, pine nuts, jujube, and walnuts have appeared in additional ingredients.

The Qing Dynasty: "Ham Dumplings" appeared.

The dumplings are even thousands of products, and they are brilliant. Today's rice dumplings are usually wrapped in glutinous rice, but the connotation color depends on special products and customs in various places. Sauerkraut rice dumplings, ham rice dumplings, salted eggs and so on.

Thenan north -north north -north name

Guangdong rice dumplings: Guangdong rice dumplings are large, unique in appearance, in addition to fresh meat rice dumplings, bean paste rice dumplings, but also chicken, duck meat, barbecued pork meat, pork roast meat , Egg yolk, mushrooms, mung beanon, etc. are assigned the assorted of the stuffing.

namu southern Fujian: The roasted meat and pork dumplings in Xiamen and Quanzhou are well -known at home and abroad.烧肉粽的粽米必选上乘，猪肉择五花肉并先卤得又香又烂，再加上香菇、虾米、莲子及卤肉汤、白糖等，吃时蘸调蒜泥、芥辣、红辣酱、 Diversity of radish acid and other condiments, sweet and smooth, oily but not greasy.

Ningbo rice dumplings: Zhejiang Ningbo rice dumplings are quadrilateral, including alkaline water dumplings, red bean dumplings, red dates and other varieties. It represents the variety of alkaline water dumplings, which adds an appropriate amount of alkali water to the glutinous rice, wrapped in old yellow leaves. After cooking, the glutinous rice becomes light yellow, which can be dipped in white sugar.

Jiaxing Zongzi: Jiaxing rice dumplings are rectangular, including fresh meat, bean paste, eight treasures and other varieties. Such as fresh meat rice dumplings, often pinch a piece of fat in the lean meat. After the rice dumplings are cooked, the oil of the fat seeps into the rice, and it is not greasy at the entrance.

In the northern suburbs, it is used to eating big yellow rice dumplings.

It other well -known dumplings include Sichuan and Lake spicy rice dumplings, sauerkraut dumplings in Guizhou, and salted eggs in northern Jiangsu.

The types of rice dumplings in Shanghai

The Cantonese dumplings represented by Xinghua Tower and Xinya are soft and strong in appearance. One corner, the rest stretched to the Quartet. There are many varieties of Cantonese rice dumplings, including chestnuts, fresh meat, egg yolk, and shiitake mushrooms; pillow dumplings include roast duck, shiitake mushrooms, chestnuts, fresh meat, egg yolk, rice kernel, other alkali water rice dumplings, bean paste, fresh meat rice, fresh meat, fresh meat, fresh meat, fresh meat Egg yolk dumplings, red bean rice dumplings, etc.

The Huaiyang characteristic rice dumplings represented by Old Banzhai and Yangzhou Hotels are "eight flavors and eight styles", authentic "small feet" white rice dumplings, quadrilateral red jujube red bean dumplings, weighing egg yolk chestnuts, ingot Hammel meat dumplings, triangular bean plate bacon, pillow -like fresh meat dumplings, long pillow wind chicken dumplings, diamond -shaped bean paste, distinctive features.

The mushrooms, bean plates, bean paste, red bean red dates, pine white rice dumplings, and Luo Han rice dumplings supplied by Gongdelin are characterized by vegetarian food.

The halal Hong Changxing's dumplings are very Muslims. The shells are slightly green, the edges and corners are clear, the appearance is beautiful, and the taste is pure, especially "beef dumplings".

The dumplings supplied by traditional specialty stores such as Shen Dacheng, Shanghai Jiaxing Zongzi Store, Wufangzhai, etc. are "five flowers", bean paste, fresh meat, white rice, red dates red beans, fresh meat egg yolk, etc. Shen Dacheng pioneered the curry chicken dumplings, colorful. From the variety to the shape, the variety of rice dumplings are different from the taste to the color. A large Cantonese -style pillow is 450 grams, while the mini dumplings are only 25 grams each.

The foreign rice dumplings

Japan: Called dumplings are Mao Juan. On May 5th of the lunar calendar, it is used to grow cylindrical -shaped.

Vietnam: Eat dumplings in the Dragon Boat Festival. Salted rice dumplings are made of glutinous rice plus shrimp, thin pork, red beans, and half salted egg buns; alkali rice dumplings are used with glutinous rice flour and shredded coconut, shrimp, mung beans into diamond -shaped, dipped in sugar; Wrap the ribs, shrimp, mung beans, and five scent, cook and peel and slices.

Thailand: Eating rice dumplings in the water splashing festival and rainy season, mainly sweet rice dumplings. It is a glutinous rice, coconut meat, black beans, taro, and sweet potatoes soaked in coconut juice. Wrap it with banana leaves to steam before eating.

Mexico: There is a "Zongzi Festival" to celebrate the harvest of corn. In the festival, every family uses banana leaves to wrap corn and beef, chicken, carrots, potatoes, pepper, etc.

. In addition, Costa Lica, Honduras, Peru and other countries also have the custom of eating dumplings.

Themid after the Boat Festival

The names of the Dragon Boat Festival are the largest in all traditional festivals in my country, reaching more than 20, which is the festival. If there are Dragon Boat Festival, Duan 5, Duanyang Festival, heavy festival, heavy lunch, day, summer festivals, summer festivals, May festivals, 菖 festivals, Pa Festival, dragon boat festivals, bath orchid festivals, rice festivals, and so on.

The end of the Yang Festival according to the "Ji Jing Chu", because the midsummer is ascending, Shunyang is on, and May is the midsummer. On the day, the fifth day of May is the "Duanyang Festival".

The noon noon, belonging to the twelve branches, the lunar month is noon, five, noon, five, and five, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also known as "heavy noon" or "heavy five sections" Some places are also called "May Festival".

The ancient people believed that on May 5th, the sun was heavy in the sky, so it was called "Sky Festival" on this day.

This during the Dragon Boat Festival in the Dragon Boat Festival of the Dragon Boat Festival. It is a season of skin diseases. "Dai Li" in the Han Dynasty: "Bathing with Lan Tang on the day".

Is to relieve the brown section of the ancient people to eat brown in the Dragon Boat Festival, and there are people who compare the length of each person to solve the leaves and the elders' victory.

"The Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Ji" of Daughter's Day Ming Shenbang: "May Daughter's Day, the Dragon Boat Festival, wearing Ai Ye, five poisonous souls. Extraordinary research. Marrying a woman also returns to Ning. Because it is a daughter's day. "Shen Bangwan's" Miscellaneous Ji "contains:" On May 1st to 5th, the family decorated with a little daughter, and he was very important. Female, also Gui Ningzhang uses durian flowers, says daughter's day. "

The ancients of 菖 菖 believe that "heavy noon" is the day of taboos. At this time, the five poisons are exhausted. The Dragon Boat Festival is also called "” 也 ".