Chinese clothing has a long history, and the origin of clothing can be traced back to ancient times. About 18,000 years ago was excavated at the ape -man cave in Zhoukou store in Beijing. Among the Shinshi Shiusi era in Yuyao, Zhejiang, there are also tube -shaped centers and other objects unearthed. It can be inferred that these bone needles were used to sew original clothes at the time. The expansion information: In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the hierarchical system was gradually established. According to the literature records and unearthed cultural relics analysis, the Chinese crown service system was initially established during the summer and commercial period, and it has been completely improved by the Zhou Dynasty. The royal family is honored and majestic. On different etiquette occasions, the top crowns must be crowned in an orderly manner, and they must also adopt different forms, colors and patterns. The most famous is the twelve chapters contained in "Shangshu · Yizhen": "Sun, Moon, Stars, Mountain, Dragon, Chinese Cordystone, Zongyi, Algae, Fire, Pink Rice, Cycling, and Embroidery, with colorful color, colorful color Zhang Shi is in five colors. "The twelve chapters have become a system of clothing under the top of the emperors of all ages. From the perspective of humanoid cultural relics unearthed in the Zhou Dynasty, although the decoration of clothing is different, the clothes and clothes have been clear, laying the basic form of Chinese clothing.
The Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period Apparel (770 ~ 221 BC) The great progress of the weaving and embroidery technology during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period has made the clothing materials more refined and the variety of names have been seen. Huajin in Xiangyi, Henan, Bing, Qi, Qi, and Wenxiu in Qilu, Shandong, popular throughout the country. The spread of crafts stood out with diverse and exquisite clothes. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, not only did the prince himself wear a Chinese suit, but also the courtiers who were also decorated with pearls, waist Jin Peiyu, and the crown of Qiu Qiu, all seemed to be valuable. The ancients Pei Yu, respectful and inferiority, and gave a symbol of personality. Qin and Han clothing (AD 221 ~ 220 AD). During this period, the clothes were richer than the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and deep clothes have also developed new development. Especially in the Han Dynasty, with the establishment of the service system, the difference between the level of clothing is also stricter. Qin and Han clothing fabrics are still heavy. Most of the embroidery patterns are mountains or vines or vines, the brocade has various complex geometric diamond patterns, and the width of the text. In the three years of the Jianyuan of the Western Han Dynasty (138 BC) and the four years of Yuan Hui (119 BC), Zhang Jian worshiped the Western Regions twice and opened up land channels between China and Western countries. Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties have not been interrupted so far, and they are called "Silk Road" in history. The Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties (220 ~ 589) Wei, Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, hierarchical clothing has changed, and national costumes are greatly blended. The crown hat has been replaced by the scarf used by literati, including corner scarf, diamond scarf, Zilun scarf, Bai Lun scarf and so on. At the beginning of Wei, Emperor Cao Yu formulated the Jiupin official position system, "with the three colors of purple and green as the difference between nine products." This system has been used along the past, until Yuanming. In addition to the use of towels in the Jin Dynasty, in addition to the use of society, men with official positions also wear small crowns, and the crown of the gauze is called the lacquer cage crown. For male officials, and spread to folk and men and women. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the ethnic minorities in the north entered the Central Plains, The people's miscellaneous places, political, economic, and cultural style habits penetrated each other, forming a large integration situation, and clothing has changed its development.
The Sui and Tang Dity (581-907) in the Sui and Tang dynasties, China was unified from division, stable from war, economic and cultural prosperity. Essence Caijin is a silk with all kinds of patterns, which are often used as half -arm and collar edge clothing. In the special palace brocade, the pattern has the shape of the puppets, fighting sheep, Xiangfeng, and swimming scales, and Zhang Cai is gorgeous. Embroidery, five -color embroidery and gold and silver wire embroidery. Printing and dyeing patterns, dyeing and monochrome dye. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, men's crown clothes were characterized by the upper -level figures wearing robes. Officials wearing crickets and people with short shirts. Until the fifth generation, the change was not much.
The Song, Liao Xia Jinyuan Clothing (947 ~ 1368) The Song Dynasty basically retained the style of Han nationality. Essence All ethnic groups of clothing reappear and integrate. The clothing of the Song Dynasty has the three styles such as official uniforms, casual clothes, and old clothes. The official service fabrics of the Song Dynasty were mainly Luo. The government (crab) government was given the old and the minister's brocade robes every year due to the old system of the fifth generation. The official service has followed the Tang system, served more than three grades, and more than five grades. The official service type is about the big sleeve robe of the late Tang Dynasty, but the first service (crown hat, etc.) is already a flat -winged black hak. The official uniforms of the Song Dynasty also followed the Pei fish system in the Tang Dynasty. Officials who were qualified to wear purple and crimson uniforms must wear "fish bags" on the waist. Official product.
The Ming Dynasty clothing (1368 ～ 1911) Ming Dynasty used the traditional Chinese costume as the main body, and the Qing Dynasty used Manchu clothing as the big current. The official uniform of the upper society is a symbol of power, which has always been valued by the ruling class. Since the Tang and Song dynasties, the dragon robe and yellow have been dedicated to the royal family. Bai Guan's uniforms have been precious since the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Because of the emperor's surname Zhu, the Ming dynasty used Zhu to be positive, and because of the Analects of Confucius, "the evil purple sends Zhu also", the purple self -official service was abolished. The official caps of the Qing Dynasty were definitely different from the former dynasty. The military and political personnel above the sergeant and the martial arts and political personnel were wearing a small weal hat that looked like a bucket. . The 的 is called the flower, and the high -level cricket has "eyes" (round spots on feathers), and there are monocular, double eyes, and three eyes. The eyes are expensive. Only princes or outstanding ministers are rewarded. The emperor sometimes appreciated the yellow horse gown to show special favor. Fourth, officials above the five grades also also hung beads, made of various valuable jewelry and fragrant wood, forming another characteristic of the official uniforms of the Qing Dynasty.
In order to consolidate unification, Qin Dynasty's clothing Qin Shihuang successively established various systems, including the clothing and crown system. The Qin Dynasty was still black, Qin Shihuang often served the sky crown, and the six -crowned system was abandoned. Female service: Qin Chao concubine wore a "light yellow pupa shirt" in the summer and "light yellow silver mud clouds", and paired with hibiscus crown, five -color flower skirts, five -color Luo Fan, mud golden shoes, to set off. Civilian clothing is mainly composed of brown clothes, robes, shirts, 襦, etc. made from rough numbness and Ge. (Male service: The big dress stipulated by Qin Shihuang is the black sacrifice in the top of the coat, and it is stipulated that the clothes are black as the top, and the officials with more than three grades are gown with a green robe, and they are generally wearing a white robe.) The Han Dynasty clothing The Hanfu is a traditional Chinese costume. Most of the championship systems in the Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system. The Han Dynasty's clothing did not have a formal complete regulations until the second year of Emperor Yongping of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The clothes of the Han Dynasty mainly include robes, 襜褕 (single clothes), 襦 (short), skirts. Due to the development of the weaving and embroidery industry, wealthy people can wear beautiful satin clothes. Most people are short trousers, and poor people are short brown (thick cloth short clothes). The women in the Han Dynasty were wearing two types of dresses and robes. The most famous in the skirt was the "Liuxian skirt". clothing of Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties The overall clothing of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties presents the style of "colorful, north and south blending" style. Influence, people's concepts of rituals and laws have become weak, and clothing and clothing also changes significantly. This is a period of great changes in ancient clothing in my country. The costumes of the Wei and Jin dynasties basically inherited the old system of Qin and Han, but in terms of style, the most important trend is: fusion. The "Wei Jin style": Men's breasts exposed their arms, pursuing a sense of relaxation, nature, and casual; women's long skirts, big sleeves, stacked layers, and try their best to show elegance and elegance. Gels. In the Wei and Jin Palace, it is used in red, often purple, white is a civilian suit, and the service style is still mainly 襦 and skirts. The Southern Dynasties are dominated by skirts, especially women with skirts. Northern Dynasties style: officials in the official occasion of the official occasion, wearing a golden robe, wearing a golden belt, wearing a small sleeve robe, using a golden jade belt, and civilian women with 襦 襦 北. Sui and Tang dynasties Sui Wen Emperor is frugal, simple in clothing, and does not pay attention to the grade of clothing. After the throne of Emperor Sui Yang, he resumed the Qin and Han clothing system in order to preach the majesty of the emperor. During the great cause, the palace people were popular with a half -arm (that is, short -sleeved clothes outside the long -sleeved coat), and there were twelve broken skirts, also known as "fairy skirts" (a long skirt with large lower sides), folk women wearing green skirts. Women went out to wear Mi Luo to cover the face. Such dresses, absorbing the artistic characteristics of Hu clothes in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, have a great impact on the women's clothes in the Tang Dynasty. According to the unearthed Sui Figns, a small sleeve high -waist long skirt, the skirt is tied to the chest. has entered the Tang Dynasty from Sui, and its styles, colors, patterns, etc. all developed to the heyday. At this time, the women's clothing was rich and beautiful, and the makeup decoration was dizzying. The women's clothing of the Tang Dynasty was mainly composed of skirts, shirts, and crickets. It often covered the shirt in the skirt, and the skirt was very long. It is also known as a long and thin towel. Hu clothes were also popular in women's clothing in the early Tang Dynasty. After the Tang Dynasty, the influence of Hu clothes gradually weakened, and the style of women's clothes became wider. In the late Tang Dynasty, the wide style is more obvious. Generally, women's clothing, sleeve width is often more than four feet. The lines of Tang dress are soft and beautiful, and the materials are mainly silk fabrics, known as "soft" and "Piaorou". The representative of the Tang Dynasty women's uniforms "women's big sleeve shirt": wide sleeve shirt, or wrapped or tie in ordinary middle clothes, elegant atmosphere, fully reflects the cultural characteristics of Tang Fanhua, magnificent, and atmospheric. Open aesthetic style.
In the distant ancient times, human acupoints lived in the wild. At that time, people only knew that the leaves were used to cover the day, the bite of the insect and snake, the invasion of wind and rain to protect the body. Or to hunt the beasts, disguise yourself as a prey, such as the beast horns, the beast head, the animal fur, and the long beast tail in the back of the hips, so as to approach the target and improve the hunting effect. Later, I gradually understood that the fur of the beasts such as red deer, deer, bull, antelope, fox, 獾 [huan〕], rabbit and other beasts were hunt. "Skin" ("Houhan Book · Public Service"). And this completely practical consideration is the main cause of human clothes and decoration. As for the idea of covering shame or beautiful jewelry, it is produced by humans to form a sense of morality, sexual shame and aesthetics. Of course, humans, the animal skin, leaves, or beast horns, beast heads, and animal tails used as camouflage, and can only be said to be the prototype of clothing. When the Anthropology Association grinds bone needles, bone cones, and sewn clothes, human costumes are separated from the bud state. This is the bone needles and bone cones made from the Toyo Towel Caves of the Old Stone Age, the Shanshi County Shanshi County [SHI Shi] The bone needles and cones made of the bone bones made from the ruins such as the people and the Hebei Yangyuan Tiger Touliang people. prove. Although these bone needles and bone cone are far less sharp as today's steel needles and steel cone, they are small, short and smooth of bone cone with bone needle pinholes, shortness of needle, and the sharpness of bone cone. It's quite delicate. In the sites of the top cave people and many ancient tombs, many natural beauty stone, animal teeth, fish bones, river mussels and sea cricket shells are also discovered. Decorations such as headwear, neck and wrist ornaments. They have different sizes, round and flat, although it seems rough today, it is enough to explain that the primitive people have understood how to wear ornaments to show their commemoration of the victory of fishing and hunting and beautify themselves. As Plekhanov said in "On the Art": "These things were first worn only as brave, dexterous and powerful markers, but later, it was because they were brave, dexterous and powerful marks. So began to cause aesthetic feelings to the scope of decorations. " about five or six thousand years ago, the maternal clan society of the primitive society in China entered the stage of prosperity, and the original agriculture and handicrafts began to form. People gradually learn to extract the wild numb fibers collected, use stone wheels or pottery wheels to be twisted into anesthetic, and then weave it into anecoplasm to make clothes that can further adapt to the requirements of the human body. This is a brand new beginning in the history of human clothing and an important symbol of the progress of human society. The invention of silkworms and textile silk in China is quite early. Historically, "Fuxi Celestial Silkworms are 繐 [SUI Sui]" ("Emperor's Map"), Huang Diyuan's wife 嫘 [Lei Lei] Zu Xiling's "Education and Civil Silkworms, Treatment of silk cocoons to cocoons to cocoons Legend of legends such as clothes "(Luo Bi" Lu History "). Archaeological excavations show that in the Neolithic era, people have domesticated silkworm moths and can weave more fine silk fabrics. During the Yin and Shang dynasties, raising silkworms was very common, and people had mastered silk weaving technology. With the improvement of the weaving machine, the invention of the flower lifting device can be woven in addition to the flat fabrics, as well as the silk and Wenqi weaving silk. Coupled with the gradual maturity of embroidery and coloring technology, clothing is increasingly sophisticated. Shi Zai, King Shang Yang rewarded a large number of silk fabrics to 300 palace ladies at a time, which was enough to show that at that time, it was quite large. The style of clothes is from simple to complicated. It was extremely simple at first. In the cold north, people often wear a complete animal skin regardless of men, women, and children. Later, wearing a hole in the center of the beast skin, or cutting a concave at the end of the animal skin, formed the earliest clothes called Guanyou or cape. In a warm climate, people first only surrounded the lower body with a square cloth. This was the earliest skirt. It is very similar to today's tube skirts worn by ethnic minorities in the southwest of our country. It clothes are divided into up and down, and later. Generally speaking, vests, sleeves, and trousers appear earlier. When people jack the vests, sleeves, trousers, and shame, the tops and lower clothes appear. hats and shoes are accompanied by clothes. People initially pushed a leaf or bark on their heads to avoid roasted and dripping of the scorching sun. This is the oldest hat. Later, it gradually developed to wrap the head with animal skin or cloth. People wrap their feet with bark or animal skin to prevent thorns from crushing stones and resist the cold and cold cold. This is the earliest shoes. Later, it gradually developed from the foot wrapped to shoes. Is after entering class society, the relationship between my country's clothing and the economic foundation, political system, ideological consciousness, fashion and customs, aesthetic concepts, etc. China's clothing is getting closer and closer. Its development and evolution must be affected and restricted by various social conditions. For example, as people have become unbalanced in the possession of wealth, the consciousness, concept, and even worship of wealth gradually form, people's costumes have changed, and the beauty of clothing has injected rich and poor colors. For another example, accompanied by religion, the influence of religious concepts has also obviously reflected in the development of clothing. The so -called shirt is like a mysterious color (when it is unknown), and the lower jacket is yellow. This black and yellow is undoubtedly affected and restricted by the primitive religious concept of worship of heaven and earth. As for the establishment of sacrifice and funerals, it is obviously due to the superstition and awe of heaven, earth, ancestors, and the deceased. Fantasy relies on worship of heaven and earth, ancestors, and the deceased to help them go through various disasters. The crown service system in China was initially established during the summer business period, and it became improved by the Zhou Dynasty. Previously, ancient men usually had long hair shawls, or slightly bouquet, or combed into braids and wearing crown scarves. Only criminals shaved their hair. The hair style of ancient women is generally the same as men. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the crown service system has become a thing that reflects the ruling class and respects the inferiority. It marks the mainstream of power and grade crown clothes and official uniforms, and various accessories. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (722 BC 221 BC), the crown service system was further included in the scope of "ritual", becoming a form of etiquette, which fully reflects the feudal hierarchical system. In accordance with the "Zhou Li" regulations, when the sacrifice ceremony or the court will be held, the emperor and Baiguan must be dressed in a crowned or daughter. Its specific form is different due to the respect of the wearer's identity. The main form of clothing during this period is the top of the top of the top. Most of the jackets are small sleeves, long to the knee, and the lower clothes are divided into front and rear. There is a gap on each side, and the [TAO Tao] band is built on the waist. The during the Warring States Period, clothing had changed significantly. This is the emergence of "deep clothes" and "Hu clothing". Deep clothes are clothes that combine the original tops and lower clothes together (some like later dresses), because "the body is deep" (means to cover the body with a large area. Winname. Hu clothing is the clothing of ethnic minorities in the northern my country. It is generally composed of short clothes, trousers and boots. The body is tight, which is convenient for nomadic and hunting. In order to strengthen the national army, King Zhao Wuling first adopted Hu clothes as a uniform in the Central Plains region. As a result, wearing a Hu clothing for a while to form the wind, so that the first great change in the history of ancient Chinese clothing was formed. Pevy Qin unified China, established various systems, including the clothes crown system. At the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, the Qin system was generally followed. By the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the three generations and Qin uniforms began to establish the Han Dynasty crown service system with the championship as the main logo of the champion cap. Clothing shows a dignified and elegant style as a whole. The men in the Qin and Han dynasties were mainly wearing a robe with wide clothes and big sleeves. It can basically be divided into two categories: Qu 可以 [juju, placket] and straight. Qu Yan is the deep clothes of the Warring States Period; Naoki is also known as 襜褕 [CHANYU in]. Except for sacrifice and North Korea, it can be worn in other occasions. Another characteristic of the Han Dynasty clothing is the implementation of a system of Pei. Women in the Han Dynasty generally combed their hair backwards, and 绾 [wAN Pan] became a bun. There are many names and unbearable names. In addition, noble women are also decorated on the heads and flowers. The slaves wrap their heads mostly with towels. Women's dresses in the Han Dynasty are deep clothes, which is different from the Warring States Period. There are also wearing 〔[RU Rulin] skirts and pants (mostly only two pants tubes, similar to today's trousers). The Han Dynasty shoes also have strict level regulations. The clothing during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, was significantly affected by social politics, economy, and thought. From the old system of the Qin and Han dynasties, the Wei and Jin dynasties developed to the mutual influence, mutual absorption, and gradually integrated in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. As a result, the second major change in the history of ancient Chinese clothing was formed. During this period, the clothing was mainly characterized by natural, free and free. At that time, the rulers of some ethnic minorities were influenced by Han culture. They were drunk in the Han clothing of the Chinese nationality and began to wear Han clothing. At the same time, when the ethnic minorities in the north were relocated to the Central Plains and the nation's miscellaneous places, the majority of Han people gradually gradually gradually gradually gradually gradually gradually gradually gradually gradually became gradually gradually gradually. Wearing ethnic minority clothing. Since then, the original deep clothes have gradually disappeared in the folk, and Hu clothes have begun to prevail. Bashing with a scarf is the main service of this period. What is more popular is a "cage crown" that adds cage towels on the small crown. During this period, Han men's clothing was mainly a shirt with a large cuffs and unintentional [QU drive, cuffs] constraints. The costumes of a minority men are mainly tight pants folds [Zhe] and [衤 衤] crotch [liangdang two should]. Han women's hair accessories are also quite distinctive. Mainly the fake wind. The clothing of the Han women has inherited the old system of Qin and Han, and later changed. Most of the clothes are pair, with long skirts, and waist bands. In addition to wearing shirts and skirts, ethnic minorities also wear crotch and pants folds, which are almost no different from men. The Tang Dynasty costumes were opened up, and "legal clothing" and "constant clothes" were parallel. French clothes are traditional dresses, including crowns, crowns, clothing, and clothes; common clothes, also known as "public clothes", are the clothes that are generally formal occasions, including round -necked robes, 幞 [FU blessing] head, leather leather head, leather leather head, leather leather Bring and boots. The "color clothes" have been formed to the Tang Dynasty. Civilians wear more white clothes. The downs of women in the Tang Dynasty are complicated. There are also golden crickets and rhino horns on the puppet. Noble women's facial makeup into "Erhuang", "Flower 钿 [DIAN Store]", "Makeup [YE Night]" and so on. The women's clothes in the Tang Dynasty were mainly skirts, shirts, 帔 [PEI Pei]. During the heyday of the Tang Dynasty in the feudal society in my country, we took a wide range of acceptance policies in cultural exchanges, and collected both the costumes of the Western Regions and Tubo. The aristocratic women's uniforms are unique in Chinese feudal society characterized by the thinness, exposure, and transparency of women's shapes and temperament. This can be said to be the third major change in the history of ancient Chinese clothing. Different from the major changes in the previous two clothing (communication between north and south), this time is characterized by the big communication of east -west apparel. The clothing of the Song Dynasty was generally followed by the old Sui and Tang dynasties. However, due to the long years of internal and external relationships in the Song Dynasty, and the influence of Cheng Zhuxue's ideological imprisonment and other factors, the costumes of this period advocated simple, rigorous and implicit. At this time, the soft feet of the Tang Dynasty had evolved into a "hoe hat" with a lining wooden lining and lacquer gauze. The emperor and the officials showed the head of the sideways. Wearing a feet without a feet such as the tolerance and servants, Confucian students wear headscarves. The men's clothing in the Song Dynasty was still dominated by a round neck robe. Officials wore robers except for the sacrifice, and distinguished the level with different colors. The hair style of women in the Song Dynasty was expensive. Putting the flowers has become a wind. The women's skirts in the Song Dynasty were narrower than the Tang Dynasty, and they had fine folds, "as frowning as frowning"; most of them were pairs and covered the skirt. three generations of Liao and Jinyuan are all regimes of ethnic minorities. The costumes have their own national characteristics, but also the characteristics of integration with other nations. The Liao Dynasty Khitan clothing parallel with Hanfu. The Khitan man "[KUN Kun]", wearing a robe and leather 裈 [kun Kun]. Women's faces often decorated with "Buddha makeup" (coated with gold), heading a left -handed left shirt, and a long skirt. Jin Dai maintained the women's true clothes, meets the needs of nomadic life, and prevailed to protect color clothing. Men usually comb their braids, wrap their heads with soap towels, wear narrow sleeves, and black leather boots. Women's braid hair is upward, and clothing is mainly skirts. The statutory clothing was inherited the Liao system, and later absorbed the characteristics of the Song Dynasty's clothing, forming the characteristics of the three -in -one of the women, the Khitan, and the Han nationality. After the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed, the racial grade was strict, and there were many prohibitions on clothing. When the emperors and ministers were in the meeting, they all wore the tight "grandson" of the same color conjoined, and the differences were different from different texture. Winter clothes and summer clothes are also customized. The aristocracy is full of red purple and purple, and is proud of gemstone decoration. Women generally wear leather caps, wearing left -handed narrow -sleeved brocade robes, and boots. The most distinctive female hat is the "aunt crown". It is narrow and narrow, like an inverted vase. The Mongolian men were shaved "Po Jiao", wearing a leather hat, a right -handed lapel leather jacket, and a boot. Liao Jinyuan Rong suit is characterized by ride shooting. Shortly after the Ming Li Guo, he ordered the ban on the huhn and restored the Tang Dynasty's clothing system. Therefore, in the Ming Dynasty, the lawsuit and regular clothes were re -emerged. The lawsuits of the Ming Dynasty were generally the same as the Tang system, but they were changed to the beam crown and added crown types such as loyalty and peace crowns. Officials in the Ming Dynasty wearing a black hat and a round -collar robe. In addition to the color regulations, the robe also has a tonic on the back of the chest, and the difference between the patterns embroidered on the tonic indicates the difference in the official order. Official's belt is also different due to different grades. Out of the needs of strengthening centralization, the strict level of level restrictions has become a major feature of Ming Dynasty clothing. Readers wear more straight [o more] or stroke [Ye leaves], wear towels. Civilians wear short clothes, hats or net towels. There are also many women in the Ming Dynasty women, and they often tie their pockets on their foreheads, named "eyebrows". The dress is similar to Song Yuan. But the underwear has small round necks, and the neck is added with buttons. The body is long, with golden jade pendants, plus cloud shoulders, more than armor (large vest) and so on. In the clearing of the soldiers, in order to consolidate its rule in the Central Plains, forced the implementation of the "shaving order", and successively formulated the government -civilian clothing system and the color service system. As a result, the traditional crown service system was ultimately destroyed, and the unified position of Manchu clothing was formed, and the fourth major change in the history of ancient Chinese clothing appeared. The men in the Qing Dynasty were shaved their forehead, and they were braided. The clothing has a robe, jacket, shirt and other shapes. Officials wore slit arrow sleeve robes and gowns outside. There is a supplement on each back of the chest with various decorations embroidered on it to distinguish the grade of officials. In addition, it is also used to show the different grades of official grades with the quality of the material texture. Women's clothing in the Qing Dynasty coexisted in both Han Dynasty. Manchu women comb their braids or buns, or "two heads" and "big wings". With flag -out, wearing cheongsam, plus hurdle shoulders, and high -bottomed shoes. Han women still have shirts, jackets, skirts, pants. This shape has been popular for more than 200 years, and the gunfire of the Wuchang Uprising has broken through the sky. The Revolution of 1911 occurred. Men have abandoned the robe and horse gowns, cut off the long braids, and set up Zhongshan or suit. The cheongsam, a skirt with knee, has set off another new and greater change in the history of Chinese clothing. The development of clothing returned to a free state.
Ancient Chinese clothing refers to the various clothes, crown caps, shoes and socks such as ancient Chinese clothes, and their own facilities in the world. Its structure and style gradually change with the development of production and lifestyle. Through the study of ancient costumes, you can understand the style of characters of all ages. When identifying the cultural relics, clothing is also an important scale of the interrogation. There are not many ancient costumes. In addition to the physical objects in research, the characters in ancient sculptures and paintings are often important reference materials. In order to re -revitalize Chinese society, the Ming government adopted the upper end ᔜ/p> n00:00 / 00: 5770% shortcut keys to describe space: Play / suspend ESC: exit full screen ↑: increase volume 10% ↓: reduced volume decrease by 10% →: single fast forward 5 seconds ←: single fast retreat 5 seconds Press hold up and hold it up. Here you can drag no longer appear in the player settings to reopen the small window shortcut key description
Human -known sewing clothes in the late Paleolithic era, the cultural relics of the top of the mountains of Zhoukou store were excavated. In the late Shinshi era, among different regions and people in different regions, clothing styles are different. Is Xia Shang and Hanfu in the Western Zhou Dynasty have no real thing in the world. According to the jade and stone portraits from the tomb of Houjiazhuang in Anyang and the tomb of women's good tombs. Pre -abdomen city (knee). The Han clothing
The Qing Dynasty soldiers entered the customs in the early Qing Dynasty. After moving the capital in Beijing, in order to force the people to surrender, the nation was severe, and soon the Easy -to -cost Act, especially for the people of the south. From the analysis of the Ming and Qing dynasties, those who live in officials have duties. Although they are supplemented with the top, everything is prepared. Kangxi's cultivation and weaving maps "was a court painter at that time. When writing this painting, the production procedure was affected by Lou Rui's" Five Figures ", but as farmers and farmers' clothing, the real life of the Tianjia family in the wealthy area of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The dresses are similar to the farmer's costumes at the end of the Ming Dynasty, but the men's heads are exposed with top spine, and there are not many wrapped napkins and melon hats with bright towels, but there are no long petals. women's clothes change less. The back of the men's and women's clothes has a lot of towels.
Chinese clothing has a long history, and the origin of clothing can be traced back to ancient times. About 18,000 years ago was excavated at the ape -man cave in Zhoukou store in Beijing. Among the Shinshi Shiusi era in Yuyao, Zhejiang, there are also tube -shaped centers and other objects unearthed. It can be inferred that these bone needles were used to sew original clothes at the time.
The expansion information: In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the hierarchical system was gradually established. According to the literature records and unearthed cultural relics analysis, the Chinese crown service system was initially established during the summer and commercial period, and it has been completely improved by the Zhou Dynasty. The royal family is honored and majestic. On different etiquette occasions, the top crowns must be crowned in an orderly manner, and they must also adopt different forms, colors and patterns. The most famous is the twelve chapters contained in "Shangshu · Yizhen": "Sun, Moon, Stars, Mountain, Dragon, Chinese Cordystone, Zongyi, Algae, Fire, Pink Rice, Cycling, and Embroidery, with colorful color, colorful color Zhang Shi is in five colors. "The twelve chapters have become a system of clothing under the top of the emperors of all ages. From the perspective of humanoid cultural relics unearthed in the Zhou Dynasty, although the decoration of clothing is different, the clothes and clothes have been clear, laying the basic form of Chinese clothing.
The Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period Apparel (770 ~ 221 BC) The great progress of the weaving and embroidery technology during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period has made the clothing materials more refined and the variety of names have been seen. Huajin in Xiangyi, Henan, Bing, Qi, Qi, and Wenxiu in Qilu, Shandong, popular throughout the country. The spread of crafts stood out with diverse and exquisite clothes. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, not only did the prince himself wear a Chinese suit, but also the courtiers who were also decorated with pearls, waist Jin Peiyu, and the crown of Qiu Qiu, all seemed to be valuable. The ancients Pei Yu, respectful and inferiority, and gave a symbol of personality.
Qin and Han clothing (AD 221 ~ 220 AD). During this period, the clothes were richer than the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and deep clothes have also developed new development. Especially in the Han Dynasty, with the establishment of the service system, the difference between the level of clothing is also stricter. Qin and Han clothing fabrics are still heavy. Most of the embroidery patterns are mountains or vines or vines, the brocade has various complex geometric diamond patterns, and the width of the text. In the three years of the Jianyuan of the Western Han Dynasty (138 BC) and the four years of Yuan Hui (119 BC), Zhang Jian worshiped the Western Regions twice and opened up land channels between China and Western countries. Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties have not been interrupted so far, and they are called "Silk Road" in history.
The Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties (220 ~ 589) Wei, Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, hierarchical clothing has changed, and national costumes are greatly blended. The crown hat has been replaced by the scarf used by literati, including corner scarf, diamond scarf, Zilun scarf, Bai Lun scarf and so on. At the beginning of Wei, Emperor Cao Yu formulated the Jiupin official position system, "with the three colors of purple and green as the difference between nine products." This system has been used along the past, until Yuanming. In addition to the use of towels in the Jin Dynasty, in addition to the use of society, men with official positions also wear small crowns, and the crown of the gauze is called the lacquer cage crown. For male officials, and spread to folk and men and women. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the ethnic minorities in the north entered the Central Plains,
The people's miscellaneous places, political, economic, and cultural style habits penetrated each other, forming a large integration situation, and clothing has changed its development.
The Sui and Tang Dity (581-907) in the Sui and Tang dynasties, China was unified from division, stable from war, economic and cultural prosperity. Essence Caijin is a silk with all kinds of patterns, which are often used as half -arm and collar edge clothing. In the special palace brocade, the pattern has the shape of the puppets, fighting sheep, Xiangfeng, and swimming scales, and Zhang Cai is gorgeous. Embroidery, five -color embroidery and gold and silver wire embroidery. Printing and dyeing patterns, dyeing and monochrome dye. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, men's crown clothes were characterized by the upper -level figures wearing robes. Officials wearing crickets and people with short shirts. Until the fifth generation, the change was not much.
The Song, Liao Xia Jinyuan Clothing (947 ~ 1368) The Song Dynasty basically retained the style of Han nationality. Essence All ethnic groups of clothing reappear and integrate. The clothing of the Song Dynasty has the three styles such as official uniforms, casual clothes, and old clothes. The official service fabrics of the Song Dynasty were mainly Luo. The government (crab) government was given the old and the minister's brocade robes every year due to the old system of the fifth generation. The official service has followed the Tang system, served more than three grades, and more than five grades. The official service type is about the big sleeve robe of the late Tang Dynasty, but the first service (crown hat, etc.) is already a flat -winged black hak. The official uniforms of the Song Dynasty also followed the Pei fish system in the Tang Dynasty. Officials who were qualified to wear purple and crimson uniforms must wear "fish bags" on the waist. Official product.
The Ming Dynasty clothing (1368 ～ 1911) Ming Dynasty used the traditional Chinese costume as the main body, and the Qing Dynasty used Manchu clothing as the big current. The official uniform of the upper society is a symbol of power, which has always been valued by the ruling class. Since the Tang and Song dynasties, the dragon robe and yellow have been dedicated to the royal family. Bai Guan's uniforms have been precious since the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Because of the emperor's surname Zhu, the Ming dynasty used Zhu to be positive, and because of the Analects of Confucius, "the evil purple sends Zhu also", the purple self -official service was abolished. The official caps of the Qing Dynasty were definitely different from the former dynasty. The military and political personnel above the sergeant and the martial arts and political personnel were wearing a small weal hat that looked like a bucket. . The 的 is called the flower, and the high -level cricket has "eyes" (round spots on feathers), and there are monocular, double eyes, and three eyes. The eyes are expensive. Only princes or outstanding ministers are rewarded. The emperor sometimes appreciated the yellow horse gown to show special favor. Fourth, officials above the five grades also also hung beads, made of various valuable jewelry and fragrant wood, forming another characteristic of the official uniforms of the Qing Dynasty.
In order to consolidate unification, Qin Dynasty's clothing Qin Shihuang successively established various systems, including the clothing and crown system. The Qin Dynasty was still black, Qin Shihuang often served the sky crown, and the six -crowned system was abandoned. Female service: Qin Chao concubine wore a "light yellow pupa shirt" in the summer and "light yellow silver mud clouds", and paired with hibiscus crown, five -color flower skirts, five -color Luo Fan, mud golden shoes, to set off. Civilian clothing is mainly composed of brown clothes, robes, shirts, 襦, etc. made from rough numbness and Ge. (Male service: The big dress stipulated by Qin Shihuang is the black sacrifice in the top of the coat, and it is stipulated that the clothes are black as the top, and the officials with more than three grades are gown with a green robe, and they are generally wearing a white robe.)
The Han Dynasty clothing
The Hanfu is a traditional Chinese costume. Most of the championship systems in the Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system. The Han Dynasty's clothing did not have a formal complete regulations until the second year of Emperor Yongping of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The clothes of the Han Dynasty mainly include robes, 襜褕 (single clothes), 襦 (short), skirts. Due to the development of the weaving and embroidery industry, wealthy people can wear beautiful satin clothes. Most people are short trousers, and poor people are short brown (thick cloth short clothes). The women in the Han Dynasty were wearing two types of dresses and robes. The most famous in the skirt was the "Liuxian skirt".
clothing of Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties
The overall clothing of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties presents the style of "colorful, north and south blending" style. Influence, people's concepts of rituals and laws have become weak, and clothing and clothing also changes significantly. This is a period of great changes in ancient clothing in my country. The costumes of the Wei and Jin dynasties basically inherited the old system of Qin and Han, but in terms of style, the most important trend is: fusion.
The "Wei Jin style": Men's breasts exposed their arms, pursuing a sense of relaxation, nature, and casual; women's long skirts, big sleeves, stacked layers, and try their best to show elegance and elegance. Gels. In the Wei and Jin Palace, it is used in red, often purple, white is a civilian suit, and the service style is still mainly 襦 and skirts. The Southern Dynasties are dominated by skirts, especially women with skirts. Northern Dynasties style: officials in the official occasion of the official occasion, wearing a golden robe, wearing a golden belt, wearing a small sleeve robe, using a golden jade belt, and civilian women with 襦 襦 北.
Sui and Tang dynasties
Sui Wen Emperor is frugal, simple in clothing, and does not pay attention to the grade of clothing. After the throne of Emperor Sui Yang, he resumed the Qin and Han clothing system in order to preach the majesty of the emperor. During the great cause, the palace people were popular with a half -arm (that is, short -sleeved clothes outside the long -sleeved coat), and there were twelve broken skirts, also known as "fairy skirts" (a long skirt with large lower sides), folk women wearing green skirts. Women went out to wear Mi Luo to cover the face. Such dresses, absorbing the artistic characteristics of Hu clothes in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, have a great impact on the women's clothes in the Tang Dynasty. According to the unearthed Sui Figns, a small sleeve high -waist long skirt, the skirt is tied to the chest.
has entered the Tang Dynasty from Sui, and its styles, colors, patterns, etc. all developed to the heyday. At this time, the women's clothing was rich and beautiful, and the makeup decoration was dizzying. The women's clothing of the Tang Dynasty was mainly composed of skirts, shirts, and crickets. It often covered the shirt in the skirt, and the skirt was very long. It is also known as a long and thin towel. Hu clothes were also popular in women's clothing in the early Tang Dynasty. After the Tang Dynasty, the influence of Hu clothes gradually weakened, and the style of women's clothes became wider.
In the late Tang Dynasty, the wide style is more obvious. Generally, women's clothing, sleeve width is often more than four feet. The lines of Tang dress are soft and beautiful, and the materials are mainly silk fabrics, known as "soft" and "Piaorou". The representative of the Tang Dynasty women's uniforms "women's big sleeve shirt": wide sleeve shirt, or wrapped or tie in ordinary middle clothes, elegant atmosphere, fully reflects the cultural characteristics of Tang Fanhua, magnificent, and atmospheric. Open aesthetic style.
In the distant ancient times, human acupoints lived in the wild. At that time, people only knew that the leaves were used to cover the day, the bite of the insect and snake, the invasion of wind and rain to protect the body. Or to hunt the beasts, disguise yourself as a prey, such as the beast horns, the beast head, the animal fur, and the long beast tail in the back of the hips, so as to approach the target and improve the hunting effect. Later, I gradually understood that the fur of the beasts such as red deer, deer, bull, antelope, fox, 獾 [huan〕], rabbit and other beasts were hunt. "Skin" ("Houhan Book · Public Service"). And this completely practical consideration is the main cause of human clothes and decoration. As for the idea of covering shame or beautiful jewelry, it is produced by humans to form a sense of morality, sexual shame and aesthetics. Of course, humans, the animal skin, leaves, or beast horns, beast heads, and animal tails used as camouflage, and can only be said to be the prototype of clothing. When the Anthropology Association grinds bone needles, bone cones, and sewn clothes, human costumes are separated from the bud state. This is the bone needles and bone cones made from the Toyo Towel Caves of the Old Stone Age, the Shanshi County Shanshi County [SHI Shi] The bone needles and cones made of the bone bones made from the ruins such as the people and the Hebei Yangyuan Tiger Touliang people. prove. Although these bone needles and bone cone are far less sharp as today's steel needles and steel cone, they are small, short and smooth of bone cone with bone needle pinholes, shortness of needle, and the sharpness of bone cone. It's quite delicate.
In the sites of the top cave people and many ancient tombs, many natural beauty stone, animal teeth, fish bones, river mussels and sea cricket shells are also discovered. Decorations such as headwear, neck and wrist ornaments. They have different sizes, round and flat, although it seems rough today, it is enough to explain that the primitive people have understood how to wear ornaments to show their commemoration of the victory of fishing and hunting and beautify themselves. As Plekhanov said in "On the Art": "These things were first worn only as brave, dexterous and powerful markers, but later, it was because they were brave, dexterous and powerful marks. So began to cause aesthetic feelings to the scope of decorations. "
about five or six thousand years ago, the maternal clan society of the primitive society in China entered the stage of prosperity, and the original agriculture and handicrafts began to form. People gradually learn to extract the wild numb fibers collected, use stone wheels or pottery wheels to be twisted into anesthetic, and then weave it into anecoplasm to make clothes that can further adapt to the requirements of the human body. This is a brand new beginning in the history of human clothing and an important symbol of the progress of human society.
The invention of silkworms and textile silk in China is quite early. Historically, "Fuxi Celestial Silkworms are 繐 [SUI Sui]" ("Emperor's Map"), Huang Diyuan's wife 嫘 [Lei Lei] Zu Xiling's "Education and Civil Silkworms, Treatment of silk cocoons to cocoons to cocoons Legend of legends such as clothes "(Luo Bi" Lu History "). Archaeological excavations show that in the Neolithic era, people have domesticated silkworm moths and can weave more fine silk fabrics. During the Yin and Shang dynasties, raising silkworms was very common, and people had mastered silk weaving technology. With the improvement of the weaving machine, the invention of the flower lifting device can be woven in addition to the flat fabrics, as well as the silk and Wenqi weaving silk. Coupled with the gradual maturity of embroidery and coloring technology, clothing is increasingly sophisticated. Shi Zai, King Shang Yang rewarded a large number of silk fabrics to 300 palace ladies at a time, which was enough to show that at that time, it was quite large.
The style of clothes is from simple to complicated. It was extremely simple at first. In the cold north, people often wear a complete animal skin regardless of men, women, and children. Later, wearing a hole in the center of the beast skin, or cutting a concave at the end of the animal skin, formed the earliest clothes called Guanyou or cape. In a warm climate, people first only surrounded the lower body with a square cloth. This was the earliest skirt. It is very similar to today's tube skirts worn by ethnic minorities in the southwest of our country.
It clothes are divided into up and down, and later. Generally speaking, vests, sleeves, and trousers appear earlier. When people jack the vests, sleeves, trousers, and shame, the tops and lower clothes appear.
hats and shoes are accompanied by clothes. People initially pushed a leaf or bark on their heads to avoid roasted and dripping of the scorching sun. This is the oldest hat. Later, it gradually developed to wrap the head with animal skin or cloth. People wrap their feet with bark or animal skin to prevent thorns from crushing stones and resist the cold and cold cold. This is the earliest shoes. Later, it gradually developed from the foot wrapped to shoes.
Is after entering class society, the relationship between my country's clothing and the economic foundation, political system, ideological consciousness, fashion and customs, aesthetic concepts, etc. China's clothing is getting closer and closer. Its development and evolution must be affected and restricted by various social conditions. For example, as people have become unbalanced in the possession of wealth, the consciousness, concept, and even worship of wealth gradually form, people's costumes have changed, and the beauty of clothing has injected rich and poor colors. For another example, accompanied by religion, the influence of religious concepts has also obviously reflected in the development of clothing. The so -called shirt is like a mysterious color (when it is unknown), and the lower jacket is yellow. This black and yellow is undoubtedly affected and restricted by the primitive religious concept of worship of heaven and earth. As for the establishment of sacrifice and funerals, it is obviously due to the superstition and awe of heaven, earth, ancestors, and the deceased. Fantasy relies on worship of heaven and earth, ancestors, and the deceased to help them go through various disasters.
The crown service system in China was initially established during the summer business period, and it became improved by the Zhou Dynasty. Previously, ancient men usually had long hair shawls, or slightly bouquet, or combed into braids and wearing crown scarves. Only criminals shaved their hair. The hair style of ancient women is generally the same as men. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the crown service system has become a thing that reflects the ruling class and respects the inferiority. It marks the mainstream of power and grade crown clothes and official uniforms, and various accessories. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (722 BC 221 BC), the crown service system was further included in the scope of "ritual", becoming a form of etiquette, which fully reflects the feudal hierarchical system. In accordance with the "Zhou Li" regulations, when the sacrifice ceremony or the court will be held, the emperor and Baiguan must be dressed in a crowned or daughter. Its specific form is different due to the respect of the wearer's identity. The main form of clothing during this period is the top of the top of the top. Most of the jackets are small sleeves, long to the knee, and the lower clothes are divided into front and rear. There is a gap on each side, and the [TAO Tao] band is built on the waist.
The during the Warring States Period, clothing had changed significantly. This is the emergence of "deep clothes" and "Hu clothing". Deep clothes are clothes that combine the original tops and lower clothes together (some like later dresses), because "the body is deep" (means to cover the body with a large area. Winname. Hu clothing is the clothing of ethnic minorities in the northern my country. It is generally composed of short clothes, trousers and boots. The body is tight, which is convenient for nomadic and hunting. In order to strengthen the national army, King Zhao Wuling first adopted Hu clothes as a uniform in the Central Plains region. As a result, wearing a Hu clothing for a while to form the wind, so that the first great change in the history of ancient Chinese clothing was formed.
Pevy Qin unified China, established various systems, including the clothes crown system. At the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, the Qin system was generally followed. By the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the three generations and Qin uniforms began to establish the Han Dynasty crown service system with the championship as the main logo of the champion cap. Clothing shows a dignified and elegant style as a whole. The men in the Qin and Han dynasties were mainly wearing a robe with wide clothes and big sleeves. It can basically be divided into two categories: Qu 可以 [juju, placket] and straight. Qu Yan is the deep clothes of the Warring States Period; Naoki is also known as 襜褕 [CHANYU in]. Except for sacrifice and North Korea, it can be worn in other occasions. Another characteristic of the Han Dynasty clothing is the implementation of a system of Pei.
Women in the Han Dynasty generally combed their hair backwards, and 绾 [wAN Pan] became a bun. There are many names and unbearable names. In addition, noble women are also decorated on the heads and flowers. The slaves wrap their heads mostly with towels. Women's dresses in the Han Dynasty are deep clothes, which is different from the Warring States Period. There are also wearing 〔[RU Rulin] skirts and pants (mostly only two pants tubes, similar to today's trousers).
The Han Dynasty shoes also have strict level regulations.
The clothing during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, was significantly affected by social politics, economy, and thought. From the old system of the Qin and Han dynasties, the Wei and Jin dynasties developed to the mutual influence, mutual absorption, and gradually integrated in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. As a result, the second major change in the history of ancient Chinese clothing was formed. During this period, the clothing was mainly characterized by natural, free and free. At that time, the rulers of some ethnic minorities were influenced by Han culture. They were drunk in the Han clothing of the Chinese nationality and began to wear Han clothing. At the same time, when the ethnic minorities in the north were relocated to the Central Plains and the nation's miscellaneous places, the majority of Han people gradually gradually gradually gradually gradually gradually gradually gradually gradually gradually became gradually gradually gradually. Wearing ethnic minority clothing. Since then, the original deep clothes have gradually disappeared in the folk, and Hu clothes have begun to prevail. Bashing with a scarf is the main service of this period. What is more popular is a "cage crown" that adds cage towels on the small crown. During this period, Han men's clothing was mainly a shirt with a large cuffs and unintentional [QU drive, cuffs] constraints. The costumes of a minority men are mainly tight pants folds [Zhe] and [衤 衤] crotch [liangdang two should]. Han women's hair accessories are also quite distinctive. Mainly the fake wind. The clothing of the Han women has inherited the old system of Qin and Han, and later changed. Most of the clothes are pair, with long skirts, and waist bands. In addition to wearing shirts and skirts, ethnic minorities also wear crotch and pants folds, which are almost no different from men.
The Tang Dynasty costumes were opened up, and "legal clothing" and "constant clothes" were parallel. French clothes are traditional dresses, including crowns, crowns, clothing, and clothes; common clothes, also known as "public clothes", are the clothes that are generally formal occasions, including round -necked robes, 幞 [FU blessing] head, leather leather head, leather leather head, leather leather Bring and boots. The "color clothes" have been formed to the Tang Dynasty. Civilians wear more white clothes. The downs of women in the Tang Dynasty are complicated. There are also golden crickets and rhino horns on the puppet. Noble women's facial makeup into "Erhuang", "Flower 钿 [DIAN Store]", "Makeup [YE Night]" and so on. The women's clothes in the Tang Dynasty were mainly skirts, shirts, 帔 [PEI Pei]. During the heyday of the Tang Dynasty in the feudal society in my country, we took a wide range of acceptance policies in cultural exchanges, and collected both the costumes of the Western Regions and Tubo. The aristocratic women's uniforms are unique in Chinese feudal society characterized by the thinness, exposure, and transparency of women's shapes and temperament. This can be said to be the third major change in the history of ancient Chinese clothing. Different from the major changes in the previous two clothing (communication between north and south), this time is characterized by the big communication of east -west apparel.
The clothing of the Song Dynasty was generally followed by the old Sui and Tang dynasties. However, due to the long years of internal and external relationships in the Song Dynasty, and the influence of Cheng Zhuxue's ideological imprisonment and other factors, the costumes of this period advocated simple, rigorous and implicit. At this time, the soft feet of the Tang Dynasty had evolved into a "hoe hat" with a lining wooden lining and lacquer gauze. The emperor and the officials showed the head of the sideways. Wearing a feet without a feet such as the tolerance and servants, Confucian students wear headscarves. The men's clothing in the Song Dynasty was still dominated by a round neck robe. Officials wore robers except for the sacrifice, and distinguished the level with different colors. The hair style of women in the Song Dynasty was expensive. Putting the flowers has become a wind. The women's skirts in the Song Dynasty were narrower than the Tang Dynasty, and they had fine folds, "as frowning as frowning"; most of them were pairs and covered the skirt.
three generations of Liao and Jinyuan are all regimes of ethnic minorities. The costumes have their own national characteristics, but also the characteristics of integration with other nations. The Liao Dynasty Khitan clothing parallel with Hanfu. The Khitan man "[KUN Kun]", wearing a robe and leather 裈 [kun Kun]. Women's faces often decorated with "Buddha makeup" (coated with gold), heading a left -handed left shirt, and a long skirt. Jin Dai maintained the women's true clothes, meets the needs of nomadic life, and prevailed to protect color clothing. Men usually comb their braids, wrap their heads with soap towels, wear narrow sleeves, and black leather boots. Women's braid hair is upward, and clothing is mainly skirts. The statutory clothing was inherited the Liao system, and later absorbed the characteristics of the Song Dynasty's clothing, forming the characteristics of the three -in -one of the women, the Khitan, and the Han nationality. After the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed, the racial grade was strict, and there were many prohibitions on clothing. When the emperors and ministers were in the meeting, they all wore the tight "grandson" of the same color conjoined, and the differences were different from different texture. Winter clothes and summer clothes are also customized. The aristocracy is full of red purple and purple, and is proud of gemstone decoration. Women generally wear leather caps, wearing left -handed narrow -sleeved brocade robes, and boots. The most distinctive female hat is the "aunt crown". It is narrow and narrow, like an inverted vase. The Mongolian men were shaved "Po Jiao", wearing a leather hat, a right -handed lapel leather jacket, and a boot. Liao Jinyuan Rong suit is characterized by ride shooting.
Shortly after the Ming Li Guo, he ordered the ban on the huhn and restored the Tang Dynasty's clothing system. Therefore, in the Ming Dynasty, the lawsuit and regular clothes were re -emerged. The lawsuits of the Ming Dynasty were generally the same as the Tang system, but they were changed to the beam crown and added crown types such as loyalty and peace crowns. Officials in the Ming Dynasty wearing a black hat and a round -collar robe. In addition to the color regulations, the robe also has a tonic on the back of the chest, and the difference between the patterns embroidered on the tonic indicates the difference in the official order. Official's belt is also different due to different grades. Out of the needs of strengthening centralization, the strict level of level restrictions has become a major feature of Ming Dynasty clothing. Readers wear more straight [o more] or stroke [Ye leaves], wear towels. Civilians wear short clothes, hats or net towels. There are also many women in the Ming Dynasty women, and they often tie their pockets on their foreheads, named "eyebrows". The dress is similar to Song Yuan. But the underwear has small round necks, and the neck is added with buttons. The body is long, with golden jade pendants, plus cloud shoulders, more than armor (large vest) and so on.
In the clearing of the soldiers, in order to consolidate its rule in the Central Plains, forced the implementation of the "shaving order", and successively formulated the government -civilian clothing system and the color service system. As a result, the traditional crown service system was ultimately destroyed, and the unified position of Manchu clothing was formed, and the fourth major change in the history of ancient Chinese clothing appeared. The men in the Qing Dynasty were shaved their forehead, and they were braided. The clothing has a robe, jacket, shirt and other shapes. Officials wore slit arrow sleeve robes and gowns outside. There is a supplement on each back of the chest with various decorations embroidered on it to distinguish the grade of officials. In addition, it is also used to show the different grades of official grades with the quality of the material texture. Women's clothing in the Qing Dynasty coexisted in both Han Dynasty. Manchu women comb their braids or buns, or "two heads" and "big wings". With flag -out, wearing cheongsam, plus hurdle shoulders, and high -bottomed shoes. Han women still have shirts, jackets, skirts, pants. This shape has been popular for more than 200 years, and the gunfire of the Wuchang Uprising has broken through the sky. The Revolution of 1911 occurred. Men have abandoned the robe and horse gowns, cut off the long braids, and set up Zhongshan or suit. The cheongsam, a skirt with knee, has set off another new and greater change in the history of Chinese clothing. The development of clothing returned to a free state.
Ancient Chinese clothing refers to the various clothes, crown caps, shoes and socks such as ancient Chinese clothes, and their own facilities in the world. Its structure and style gradually change with the development of production and lifestyle. Through the study of ancient costumes, you can understand the style of characters of all ages. When identifying the cultural relics, clothing is also an important scale of the interrogation. There are not many ancient costumes. In addition to the physical objects in research, the characters in ancient sculptures and paintings are often important reference materials. In order to re -revitalize Chinese society, the Ming government adopted the upper end ᔜ/p>
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Human -known sewing clothes in the late Paleolithic era, the cultural relics of the top of the mountains of Zhoukou store were excavated. In the late Shinshi era, among different regions and people in different regions, clothing styles are different.
Is Xia Shang and Hanfu in the Western Zhou Dynasty have no real thing in the world. According to the jade and stone portraits from the tomb of Houjiazhuang in Anyang and the tomb of women's good tombs. Pre -abdomen city (knee).
The Han clothing
The Qing Dynasty soldiers entered the customs in the early Qing Dynasty. After moving the capital in Beijing, in order to force the people to surrender, the nation was severe, and soon the Easy -to -cost Act, especially for the people of the south. From the analysis of the Ming and Qing dynasties, those who live in officials have duties. Although they are supplemented with the top, everything is prepared.
Kangxi's cultivation and weaving maps "was a court painter at that time. When writing this painting, the production procedure was affected by Lou Rui's" Five Figures ", but as farmers and farmers' clothing, the real life of the Tianjia family in the wealthy area of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The dresses are similar to the farmer's costumes at the end of the Ming Dynasty, but the men's heads are exposed with top spine, and there are not many wrapped napkins and melon hats with bright towels, but there are no long petals.
women's clothes change less. The back of the men's and women's clothes has a lot of towels.