How did Keep The Wolf from the Door come from?

Barely; be able to avoid hunger
from the perspective of cultural differences, the establishment of the meaning in the translation

Master of Education Hunan Changsha 418000)

D: Vocabulary is the most basic language material in the article. Leaving the vocabulary, we cannot depict the rich and colorful world. The two languages ​​of English and Chinese are born in different cultural backgrounds. The various cultural significance contained in the English and Chinese vocabulary has the same nature and differences. This article starts from the vocabulary semantic phenomenon of Chinese and English. The method of comparison, parallel, vacancies and conflicts of the English and Chinese language vocabulary uses a comparative analysis method. Especially from the significance of the translation of vocabulary, discuss its relationship with each other so that the correct method can be found in the translation, which helps foreign language teaching and cultural communication.

The keywords: Cultural differences Vocabulary translation Cultural communication

abstract: is the most basic materials in the text, which is closly related to our rich words and our lging. cultural between the two languages ​​and there exists the and in selecting . This paper aims at a study of lexical semantic between English and Chinese in , on the bases of language semantic phenomena both in Chinese and English. It analyses the lexical , parallel and conflict with a view to revealing the and vacancies in the two languages; the study will help us find a good approach to and also benefits the language teaching and cultural rnrnKey words ：cultural , semantic , cultural . rn
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INK -Chinese two languages ​​when choosing vocabulary, it is impossible to appear absolutely consistent. Because people's life experience is often not exactly the same. Same or similar. This phenomenon is what people call the phenomenon of the language occurrence. Take head as an example:

(1) The front part of the man or animal

They cut his head off His head.

(2) Bullet

the head of the government leader

(3) Head shape
n hit the them Head of a nail with the head of a hammer smashed the nail head with a hammer head.

(4) Tips

ten head of cows 10 cows

(5) fixed structure
n buily ONE's Head in the Sand does not face the reality, evading reality

Keep One's Head Above Water to avoid the disaster of being eliminated

With One's Head in the Clouds. R n
The semantics of the animal name below discusses:

1. 1 The semantic phenomenon expressed in the same animal name

Some animal attributes often have a common understanding, so as to produce similar associations to some animals, such as "fox" and fox ("cunning")

don'T trust that man, he's a sly old fox .

don't believe that person, he is a cunning old fox.

when the fox says he ’s, it’ s time for the hen to look out

.

wolf also represents the semantics of "hunger", for example:

i hope the little bits of God've brought down from the sky Will help. n
I hope that these gold coins I bring back from the sky can make us no longer starve.

1.2 The meaning of the meaning of the names of different animals

different national cultures sometimes use different animals names to express the same Chinese semantic semantics. Let's analyze the names of the three semantics of "stupidity", "prestige", and "timidity":

The animal names that indicate "stupid" in Chinese. , Bear, donkey "three. Such as "your real bear" means "you are really stupid". "Pig" and "Stupid Pig" mean "stupid people". In English, the corresponding semantics include Donkey or ASS, Pig, Goose and other animals. Take Donkey and ASS as an example:

Why Did You Put Your Finger in the FIRE, Your Silly Donkey?

Why do you stretch your hand into the fire?

you ass! You stupid ass! How cored you do such a thing like that? n
Come?

This "Tiger" commonly used in Chinese to compare the meaning of "tiger tiger anger" and "tiger downhill" and other meaning; English is expressed in Lion, not using Tiger, like Bold as a Lion (like lion bravery) Majestic AS A Lion (like a lion -like prestige).

Peng Han refers to the same or similar, and there are many different concepts. The translator must never abandon the presence for the sharing. Abandoning the shape of the words in the primitive words and replacing it with the habit of translation. Only in this way can the translation may bring about the readers for roughly the same effect.

The vocabulary is parallel

This in Chinese and English to express the same thing in different ways. For example, we used the phrase "like a spring bamboo shoot" metaphorically, a large number of new things emerged, and in English, there is a saying "Just Like Mushrooms" (as many as mushrooms). Although the forms of the two are different, they are parallel in the meaning of "many" layers, so they can be used to translate each other. Another example is He is in the Dog House, which should be translated as "his reputation is sweeping the floor". The translation and the original text are a semantic phenomenon. Of course, the corresponding statement of the English and Chinese is only an extremely individual coincidence in the overall image of the image. Due to the different characteristics of the British and Chinese nations, the expression of the image language of the English and Chinese is different. Therefore, when studying the language of English and Chinese, it is necessary to start with the characteristics of its nation to achieve correct understanding and use. Let's make specific analysis on this issue.

2.1 The geographical environment of the English and Han ethnic groups

The country is dominated by land, so it is naturally used as a metaphor for people and things on land in the image language. On the contrary, Britain is a marine country. Language expression is naturally related to the sea, and their production and economic activities are reflected in their image language. For example, when the metaphor can show who the strongest person is the strongest test, the Chinese idiom is "Black Wind Know the Grass". In English, it is said that A Good Ship is not known when the sea is callm and the water fair. When you are calm with the sea, you can't see a good helmsman); the "planning ahead" in Chinese means that before it rains, the land and windows are repaired. The metaphor is usually prepared. Xiufan took advantage of the sky), although the same metaphor, the Lenovo caused by each of the specific geographical environment of different ethnic groups is different. The first thing the Chinese nation thinks is the "plastic surgery"; the first thing the British nation thinks is "Xiufan" Essence In the translation of Xi, you can use parallel translation methods, that is, using different forms but the same or similar translation to replace the original text. In addition, China and Britain's feelings of "West Wind" are different. This concept is like the Chinese people's feelings of spring in the British. This is why Britain is located in the Western Hemisphere. Since ancient times, there has been a tradition of "south is the north for humbleness". English is just the opposite. When expressing "from south to north", it is naturally from North to South, as well as orientation words such as Northwest, Southwest, Northeast, and Southeast. R n Therefore, when we study and study the language language of the English and Chinese, we cannot leave the regional, economy and their psychological quality of its nation. Only by grasping the characteristics of the nation can we correctly understand the connotation of a nation to achieve correct understanding, translation, application, application The purpose.

2. 2 British and Han ethnic customs are different

The differences between the national customs of the English and Han dynasties are many aspects. Due to the different living environment, the viewing angle is different, their feelings of color will inevitably reflect In the language, forming a colorful world. In Chinese culture, marriage makes people associate with red images: big red joy, big red lanterns, etc.; Western cultures are reminiscent of white wedding dresses, white clothes And church. Such as:

every time he comes to new york, he wants to paint the town red.
n every time he arrives in New York, he must celebrate.

RD expressed anger, excitement, madness, etc. in Western culture

mesention of animal was like a red rag to a bull to the anti-. n
r
For those who oppose living anatomy, he jumped like a mission when it comes to animal experiments.

green often expresses jealousy and anger in English, and also expresses the meaning of bullies,
njohn bought a color tv, but the gey -eyed Monster Made Tom Fight with Him.

John bought a color TV, but jealous made Tom quarrel with him.

do you see any green in my eyes?

Do you think I am so bullied?

yellow indicates timidity and fear of things.

we can'T activity to have anyone in this who is likely to turn yellow when the test-time comes. n
rise.

2.3 The religious beliefs of the Chinese and Han ethnic groups

The people in China and Britain are unavoidable in cultural differences due to different religious beliefs. "Bodhisattva blessing" or "God bless", this is the Chinese people believe in Buddhism more; while the British believe in Christianity, their idols are God, so they accurately express it as "May God Bless Me" or "God Bless You". In the same way, the three monks' allusions: one monk picks water, two monks lift the water to drink, and the three monks have no water to drink. It is not easy to translate this proverb into a god -shaped English, mainly because the concept of "monk" in the West is more unfamiliar with the concept of "monk". If you only pass on, you can apply the ready -made idioms in English: One Boy is a Boy, Two Boys Are Half a Boy, Three Boys No Boy. If you have a heavy form, you can use literally explained methods: One Monk, Two Buckets; Two Monks, One Bucket; Three Monks, No Bucket, No Water --- More Hands, LESS Work. aspect.

three vocabulary vacancies

The vocabulary vacancies refer to the words or words of words or words between two languages. The differences in the British and Chinese national culture will inevitably lead to different divisions and specializations of the subjective world in accordance with their respective methods, which will inevitably occur. The phenomenon of vocabulary between language is a common existence and caused more difficulty in translation. It can be summarized as: 1. Different living environment and living experience cause vocabulary vacancies; 2. Different religious beliefs cause vocabulary vacancies; Third, different customs and habits cause vocabulary vacancies.

. 3.1 Living environment and living experience Different vocabulary vacancy

Due to the different living environment of the English -Chinese nation, one language may not find the corresponding correspondence in another language The resources of the vocabulary have a shortage of vocabulary. For example, in British bamboo is not a native plant, so the corresponding primitive vocabulary cannot be found in its language system, and other language vocabulary must be learned. The "bamboo shoots" of Chinese have to be translated as Bamboo --Shoot.

The British weather is impermanent and rainy days. People have a special feeling for the weather and like to talk about the weather. Regardless of the city or rural areas, between strangers or friends, such topics are used to it; but in Chinese, it is mostly the topic of eating. It is difficult to find literally corresponding expression in English. For example, "can't eat", "eat a large pot of rice", "eat leisure rice", "unbearable", etc., can not be translated into English to correspond.

3.2 Religious beliefs are different. The use of words looks particularly prominent.

The Planner WEERE Busy Bypassing The Gordian KNot.

The plan makers to avoid Golddi -difficult issues, and they are too busy.

Let Both Sides Unite to Head in All Corners of the Earth the Command of Isaiah to "UNDO The Heavy Burusens ... and let the option go free." r
Where, let us remember the prophets, Isaiah's trust: "Remove the heavy burden ... so that all the oppressed people get freedom."

Vacuum, such as the Chinese lunar calendar, Tiangan Divine Branches, Yin Yang Gossip, Taoism, Chinese Medicine, Martial Arts, etc.; Denim culture, hippie culture in English countries, etc., it is difficult to find equal words in translation to express these exotic cultural phenomena Essence If you encounter such words in translation, it is best to literally translate the method of replenishment.

3.3 The vocabulary vacancy caused by different customs

This in China and Britain have a long history. In the long river of history, a distinctive culture and customs habits have been formed. These The difference must also have a vocabulary vacancy. The numbers in the language are not fierce. Due to the different habits of people, the numbers in English Chinese language give different meanings. For example, in Western English countries lucking); but the corresponding meaning of the words in Chinese can not be found. The Chinese people's understanding of European and American culture is quite puzzled. (Good Luck). Europeans and Americans are also puzzled by the subtle meaning of Chinese culture in a single and double days.

In concluding, cultural differences must inevitably lead to non -corresponding or vacancies of English and Chinese vocabulary or word meaning. This phenomenon also makes it difficult for translation. A good translation should be as close to the original text as much as possible to express the amount of information and cultural significance contained in the original text. To this end, different translations should be adopted according to the specific situation.

four vocabulary conflicts

vocabulary conflict refers to contradictions between language and language. Although there are not many phenomena, it cannot be ignored in the translation. There is a slightest loss, the possibility of thousands of miles. Vocabulary conflicts are specifically manifested in the following two situations.

4.1 The concept of English and Chinese is the same, but the derogation is different

In the comparison of the cultural connotation of English and Chinese vocabulary, many words should be expressed in a language. The meaning, but in another language, may represent negative, negative meaning. For example, PEASANT usually refers to the meaning of not being educated in English, rude, and lack of cultivation. In our country, the term "farmers" refers to the kind of derogatory in English. Many English learners think that "farmers" are Peasant. When dealing with "my parents are farmers", translated as My Parents Are Peasants

The word is actually accurate. Due to the different cultural connotation, there are different righteousness and derogation.

Is such words such as translation, and be careful about the meaning of the meaning of words, the scope of the indication, and adopt a peer translation. The translation and the original work will have the phenomenon of appearance and divineness, resulting in the failure of the translation.

4.2 The concept of English and Chinese is the same, but the meaning of the association is the opposite.

This this phenomenon mainly represents the words of animals and plants. Lenovo. Chinese "Dragon" and English DOG are very representative. "Dragon" is a symbol of the Chinese nation. It represents a magnificent national spirit. It is associated with evil and horror in English. Such as: "Wang Zijialong" cannot be translated as To Hope that One's Son Will Be Become a Dragon, and it should be translated as To Hope that one's so is bey. THE FOUR Asian Tigers. For this kind of words, translators should not be confined to the original text. Considering the conflict phenomenon that may occur in the translation, the transformation method should be used to try to translate the cultural connotation of the word.

The conclusion

This starting with the English and Chinese vocabulary, simply discussed their semantic puppets, parallel, vacancy, conflict and other characteristics. Based on this, the cause of the difference between the difference between the meaning of the meaning of the meaning of the meaning of the meaning of the meaning of the meaning is helpful to better understand the two languages ​​of English and Chinese, especially how to accurately establish the meaning of the word in translation. Quality and efficiency have strong practical significance. In addition to the translators and translations, translators must also have deep cultural skills, and the differences in these two cultures must be bamboo.